CCJ4746: Statistics in Criminology
\nEssay 2: Causality
\nThis essay assignment is designed to check your understanding of the basics of causation. Your
\nsubmission should be approximately 2-3 (minimum 2) pages long. If you are coming up too
\nshort, you are probably not explaining your answers enough. If you use outside sources, please
\ncite them and include a reference list.
\nInstructions
\nWrite an essay that addresses each of the following questions. Please number or otherwise flag
\n(e.g., through bold text) the beginning of your answer to each question so that we do not
\nmistakenly overlook it when grading. If you wish to include equations or statistical symbols, you
\ncan do so in Word using the Equation or Symbol menus on the Insert tab.
\n1. What are the three main criteria for causality? Give an example of each.
\n2. What is spuriousness? Give an example. How does spuriousness relate to control variables?
\n3. What is the difference between (1) a necessary, sufficient cause and (2) a probabilistic,
\npartial cause?
\n4. What is the difference between mediation and moderation (use the slides for this one)? Give
\nan example of each.
\nGrades will be based on the criteria noted in the syllabus.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
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