{"id":47964,"date":"2022-10-20T21:43:35","date_gmt":"2022-10-20T21:43:35","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.essaybishops.co.uk\/47964-2\/"},"modified":"2022-10-20T21:43:35","modified_gmt":"2022-10-20T21:43:35","slug":"47964-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.homeworkacetutors.com\/assessments\/47964-2\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"

NATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE
\nIntroduction
\nWorking in a STEM field (science, technology, engineering, or math) presents you with opportunities to understand
\nthe world in exhilarating ways. How many other professions provide the chance to plumb the ocean depths, search
\nMars for water, navigate into a human heart, or construct new ways to generate electricity from the sun; and this is
\njust a tiny sampling of the experiences you can have. A job in a STEM field is also more likely to result in higher pay
\nthan a non-STEM job (Fund & Parker, 2018). Many students who enter the STEM field will find themselves challenged at some point, however, and start to doubt whether they belong.
\nMany students who are excited by the possibilities of STEM may also be worried by questions: Will I be able to make
\nit in a STEM field? Will it be too difficult for me? Do I belong in STEM?
\nTake this opportunity to write down some of your fears and anxieties about choosing a STEM major. When you meet
\nin class you will talk about these fears with your classmates.
\n2
\nThe STEM field is sometimes more challenging for students who are not in the majority. In this case study we are
\ngoing to spend some time looking at the field of STEM through a lens that will help us understand these challenges,
\nand how we can overcome them. Our goals are the following:
\n\u2022 To learn about diversity.
\no What is diversity?
\no Why is diversity important in the context of STEM?
\n\u2022 To increase your sociopolitical and cultural competence.
\n\u2022 To be prepare you to succeed in STEM.
\nDo I Belong in STEM?
\nby
\nChristine R. Dahlin
\nDepartment of Biology
\nUniversity of Pittsburgh at Johnstown, PA
\nNATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE
\n\u201cDo I Belong in STEM?\u201d by Christine R. Dahlin Page 2
\nPart I \u2013 What Is Diversity and Does STEM Have Enough?
\nDiversity can be represented in many ways, and often the focus is on race\/ethnicity or gender. However, diversity
\ncan also be represented by ability status, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, national original, and religious
\naffiliation. One of the difficulties that the STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) fields face is that that
\nthey lack the level of diversity seen in other fields. Don\u2019t believe it? Check out the data, and then answer the questions
\nbelow based on Figure 1.
\nQuestions
\n1. What group holds the greatest proportion of STEM jobs?
\n2. What proportion of women hold STEM jobs? What about men? Show your math!
\n3. According to 2016 United States census data, women represent 50.8 % of the population. Thus, do the percent
\nof women in the STEM field accurately represent the percent of women in the population? By how much do they
\ndiffer? Show your math!
\n4. Which ethnic groups exhibits the least representation (do not use the \u201cother\u201d category)? As of 2016 Black people
\nrepresent 13.3 % of the population while Hispanic (Latinx) people represent 17.8 % (2016 census data). Thus,
\ndoes the representation of these groups accurately represent their proportions in the population?
\nFigure 1. Proportion of workers in STEM fields by race and gender for 2015. Source: National Science Foundation, 2017.
\nNATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE
\n\u201cDo I Belong in STEM?\u201d by Christine R. Dahlin Page 3
\nPart II \u2013 Does Diversity Matter in STEM?
\nAnswer the questions below after you watch the following 15-minute TedX video by Dr. Nicole Cabrera Salazar:
\n\u2022 The Future of STEM Depends on Diversity,
\nQuestions
\n1. In your own words, define diversity.
\n2. Explain in your own words why diversity helps promote excellence in science.
\n3. What are some examples of bias that were revealed in the video?
\n4. Dr. Cabreza introduced two problems that can make it more difficult for members of underrepresented groups to
\nsucceed in STEM: socialization and institutional bias. In your own words, define both terms. Explain why both
\nsocialization and institutional bias can serve as hurdles to individuals from underrepresented groups who may be
\ninterested in a STEM career.
\nSocialization:
\nHurdle:
\nInstitutional Bias:
\nHurdle:
\nNATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE
\n\u201cDo I Belong in STEM?\u201d by Christine R. Dahlin Page 4
\nPart III \u2013 So How Do We Fix the Problem?
\nAnswer the questions below after you watch the following 15-minute video by Olympia LePoint, an aerospace engineer, author, and CEO. She helped launch 28 NASA space shuttle missions. Despite her overwhelming success, she
\ndid not begin her career brilliantly, but instead had to overcome obstacles to achieve success in STEM.
\n\u2022 Reprogramming Your Brain to Overcome Fear,
\nQuestions
\n1. What obstacles did you identify in the video that made it difficult for Ms LePoint to succeed? Are any of those
\nobstacles specific for sex, race, gender or another identity?
\n2. Ms. LePoint described three steps to achieving success. Describe those steps.
\n3. Explain the term mathaphobia, then explain how that term might apply to you as a STEM student. Also, does it
\nonly apply to math?
\n4. In the video, Ms. LePoint described how she transitioned from a failing student to one who eventually became a
\nrocket scientist. Why was her mindset so important to her success? How did her mindset change?
\nNATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE
\n\u201cDo I Belong in STEM?\u201d by Christine R. Dahlin Page 5
\nPart IV \u2013 How Is STEM Changing?
\nWomen are still underrepresented in many STEM fields including engineering, physics and economics. However,
\nsignificant gains have occurred in psychology, biosciences and social sciences. A study by Cornell psychologists found
\nthat women are now preferred over men in hiring for tenure-track jobs (Boscia, 2015). Minorities are also increasing
\ntheir representation in STEM. Take a look at the data below.
\nQuestions
\n1. As of 2014, what percentage of the population did women represent in the social and biosciences? Do you think
\nthese fields, as opposed to other STEM fields, did something specific to address underrepresentation, or is it the
\nnature of the field, content knowledge, and potential careers that are responsible for this shift, or might it be both?
\n2. Why do you think other STEM fields are still so male-dominated?
\nFigure 2. Women in social and biosciences. Source: National Science Foundation, 2017.
\nNATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE
\n\u201cDo I Belong in STEM?\u201d by Christine R. Dahlin Page 6
\nFigure 3. Bachelors, Masters and PhD\u2019s earned by underrepresented minorities. Source: National Science Foundation, 2017.
\n3. Examine Figure 3, below. What is the general trend in terms of degrees earned among minority groups? Given
\nthat minorities represent more than 30% of the population, should faculty members and industry leaders in the
\nSTEM field be satisfied with this trend?
\nNATIONAL CENTER FOR CASE STUDY TEACHING IN SCIENCE
\n\u201cDo I Belong in STEM?\u201d by Christine R. Dahlin Page 7
\nConclusion
\nSucceeding in STEM takes perseverance but the potential rewards are immense. Read the reflections of two minority
\nwomen who have rewarding STEM careers:
\nI would encourage other women to go into STEM. It\u2019s a wonderful and a very satisfying feeling to be able to contribute
\ntowards the progress of mankind with creative and innovative solutions. You know you will be at some point touching
\nmany other lives other than your own family. This general feeling of hope and content is very satisfying.
\n\u2014Dr. Papia Chakraborty, Senior Scientist and Head of Immuno-oncology at MedGenome
\nOnce I got into space, I was feeling very comfortable with the universe. I felt like I had a right to be anywhere in this
\nuniverse, that I belonged here as much as any speck of stardust, any comet, any planet.
\n\u2014Dr. Mae Jemison, first African-America astronaut, biologist, chemist and medical doctor.
\nQuestion
\n1. Upon completion of this case, do you feel any differently about your identity or ability to persevere in STEM?
\nReferences
\nAnon. 2005. Then and now: Dr. Mae Jemison [webpage]. CNN, Sunday, June 19, 2005. June 19, 2005. .
\nBell, M.K. 2016. Teaching at the intersections: honor and teach about your students multiple identities. Teaching
\nTolerance 53. .
\nBoscia, T. 2015. Women preferred 2:1 over men for STEM faculty positions. Cornell Chronicle. .
\nFunk, C. and K. Parker. 2018. Women and men in STEM often at odds over workplace equity. Pew Research Center.
\nSocial and Demographic Trends. .
\nHill, C., C. Corbett, and A. St. Rose. 2010. Why so few? Women in science, technology, engineering and mathematics.
\nAAUW, Washington, D.C. .
\nHolley, R. 12 Women on what it\u2019s like being a woman in STEM. Scholarship Points. 4\/20\/18\/ .
\nLadson-Billings, G. 2014. Culturally relevant pedagogy 2.0. Harvard Education Review. 84(1): 74\u201384.
\n.
\nLandivar, L.C. 2013. Disparities in STEM employment by sex, race and Hispanic origin. Report Number ACS-24.
\nU.S. Census Bureau. .
\nNational Science Foundation, National Center for Science and Engineering Statistics. 2017. Women, Minorities, and
\nPersons with Disabilities in Science and Engineering: 2017. Special Report NSF 17-310. Arlington, VA. .
\nPuritty, C., Strickland, L.R.m Alia, E., Blonder, B., Klein, E., Kohl, M.T., McGee, E., Quintana, M., Ridley, R.E., Tellman,
\nB. and Gerber, L.R. 2017. Without inclusion, diversity initiatives may not be enough. Science 357: 1101\u20132.
\nQuickFacts United States Census Bureau. Revised 2016. .
\nInternet references accessible as of September 1, 2020.<\/https:><\/https:><\/https:><\/http:><\/https:><\/https:><\/http:><\/http:><\/https:><\/http:><\/https:><\/https:><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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