The bottom-up theory of literacy learning perceives learning to read as the process that moves from simple to advanced learning. In literacy programs, children are taught to build on their knowledge by beginning to learn the small piece of language and progress towards understanding the meaning of words. This theory fosters the use of skills-based approach to developing literacy, which focuses on comprehension, vocabulary, and word analysis. Here, children are taught letters and sounds (subskills) then proceeds to read whole words and eventually read those words in sentences and paragraphs (Hersch & Andrews, 2012).
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The top-down theory of literacy learning emphasizes on meaning as an important element in reading. It involves, knowing the meaning of words firsts then moving to learning letters and sounds. It focuses on student-centred approach towards literacy learning, where the students’ needs and interests are…….
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