{"id":8014,"date":"2023-09-10T22:21:08","date_gmt":"2023-09-10T22:21:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.homeworkacetutors.com\/acemyhomework\/overview-of-bones-in-the-human-body\/"},"modified":"2023-09-10T22:21:08","modified_gmt":"2023-09-10T22:21:08","slug":"overview-of-bones-in-the-human-body","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.homeworkacetutors.com\/acemyhomework\/overview-of-bones-in-the-human-body\/","title":{"rendered":"Overview of Bones in the Human Body"},"content":{"rendered":"
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The skull is the top of the skeleton and consists of the cranium and mandible. The cranial part<\/p>\n

of the skull is composed of separate bones united at immobile joints called sutures. These sutures<\/p>\n

are held by sutural ligaments. The skull is made of compact bone, covered with periosteum, and<\/p>\n

a layer of diploe. The mandible is connected to the cranium by a synovial joint called the<\/p>\n

temporomandibular joint. The cranium houses the brain and supports the face. The number of<\/p>\n

bones in the skull totals 22. The skull bones can be divided into two groups. The bones of the<\/p>\n

cranium and facial. The five bones of the cranium consist of one frontal, two parietal, one<\/p>\n

occipital, two temporal, one sphenoid, and one ethmoid bone. The facial bones consist of two<\/p>\n

zygomatic bones, two maxillae, two nasal bones, two lacrimal bones, one vomer, two palatine<\/p>\n

bones, two Inferior conchae, and one mandible.<\/p>\n

In the thoracic cage we have the lateral ribs, costal cartilages, dorsal thoracic<\/p>\n

vertebrae, sternum, and the xiphoid. The thoracic cavity protects the heart and lungs. This cage<\/p>\n

also supports the shoulder girdles and upper limbs and attached you will find the neck, chest, and<\/p>\n

Skeletons and Bones\u00a0 PG 2.<\/p>\n

muscles. The sternum or \u201cbreastbone\u201d has three fused bones. We have 12 ribs total. The ribs are<\/p>\n

either floating ribs or true ribs. The true ribs 1-7 are attached to the sternum. Ribs 8-10 are<\/p>\n

considered false ribs. The ribs 11-12 are considered floating ribs and do not attach to the<\/p>\n

sternum. The scapula is a flat, triangular bone which articulates laterally with the clavicle and<\/p>\n

with the humerous. We have two identical pairs. The clavicles are a pair of long bones that<\/p>\n

connect the scapula to the sternum. The clavicles are cylindrical bones around 6 inches long.<\/p>\n

They are located in the thoracic region superior and anterior to the first rib. Each clavicle runs<\/p>\n

transversely and forms a joint with the sternum on its medial end and the scapula on its lateral<\/p>\n

end. (Bones: <\/em>structure and mechanics, Pg. 47) The clavicles, along with the scapulae, form<\/p>\n

the pectoral girdle that attaches the bones of the arm to the trunk. The sternoclavicular joints are<\/p>\n

the only bony attachments between the pectoral girdles and the bones of the axial skeleton.<\/p>\n

Several muscles of the neck and shoulder also attach to the clavicle, including the pectoralis<\/p>\n

major, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius, and deltoid.<\/p>\n

The vertebra column <\/strong>consists of 33 vertebrae. The first 24 vertebra are articulating<\/p>\n

vertebrae, seven cervical, 12 thoracic, five lumbar, and the lower nine are fused. Then following<\/p>\n

we have five fused in the sacrum<\/strong>and four in the coccyx. The spinal canal protects the spinal<\/p>\n

cord. The human vertebral column is the backbone or spine, consisting of thirty three in total.<\/p>\n

The vertebra are small bones forming the backbone and they have a hole through which the<\/p>\n

spinal cord passes. The ilium is the uppermost and largest part of the hip bone. This bone is<\/p>\n

wide, flat, and provides attachment points.\u00a0 The curved ischium forms the lower and back part of<\/p>\n

the hip bone. This bone is below the ilium and behind the pubis. The superior portion of this<\/p>\n

Skeleton and Bones \u00a0 PG 3.<\/p>\n

bone forms approximately one third of the acetabulum. The body rests on these bones while in<\/p>\n

sitting position. The pubic bone is the ventral and anterior of the three bones which make up half<\/p>\n

of the pelvis. The pubic bone is covered the mons pubis. There is a superior ramus and an<\/p>\n

inferior ramus noted.The pubis is the lowest and most anterior portion of the hip bones of the<\/p>\n

pelvis. The pubic <\/a>symphysis<\/a>, is where the two hip bones of the pelvis<\/a> are fused together. The<\/p>\n

humerus is the upper arm long bone, it extends from shoulder to elbow. The proximal end has a<\/p>\n

smooth round head that articulates with scapula.<\/p>\n

The cylindrical shaped humerus has two rounded processes called the greater and lesser<\/p>\n

tubercles. The distal end of the humerus has two articulating surfaces, the trochlea which<\/p>\n

articulates with the ulna and the capitulum, which articulates with the radius at the elbow. The<\/p>\n

ulna<\/strong>is a long bone located on the opposite side of the forearm from the thumb. It attaches to the<\/p>\n

humerus on the larger end and joins with the carpal bones<\/strong> of the hand at its smaller end. It lies<\/p>\n

medially and parallel to theradius.The forearm has two large bones<\/strong>, the radius<\/strong> and the ulna, of<\/p>\n

which the radius<\/strong> is the larger bone<\/strong>. The radius is located on the lateral side of the forearm<\/p>\n

between the elbow and the wrist joints.<\/p>\n

\u00a0The pectoral girdle is the skeletal framework that provides attachment for the scapula\u2019s<\/p>\n

and clavicles.The Pelvic Girdle is composed of 2 hip bones and sacrum. The talus bone,<\/p>\n

astragalus, or ankle bone is one of the group of foot bones known as the tarsus. The tarsus forms<\/p>\n

the lower part of the ankle through its articulations with the lateral and medial malleoli of the<\/p>\n

two bones of the lower leg, the tibia and fibula. The tarsus transmits the entire weight of the body<\/p>\n

to the foot. The calcaneus or heel bone is a bone of the tarsus of the foot which constitutes the<\/p>\n

Skeleton and Bones\u00a0 PG 4.<\/p>\n

heel. The metatarsal bones, or metatarsus are five long bones in the foot, located between the<\/p>\n

tarsal bones of the hind- and mid-foot and the phalanges of the toes. (Fundamentals of Anatomy<\/p>\n

&Physiology) The metatarsal bones are numbered from the medial side: the first, second, third,<\/p>\n

fourth, and fifth metatarsal. A tarsal is considered one of the seven bones of the tarsus. The<\/p>\n

metacarpals are long bones within the hand that are connected to the carpals, or wrist bones, and<\/p>\n

to the phalanges<\/strong>, or finger bones. The tops of the metacarpals form the knuckles where they join<\/p>\n

to the wrist. On the palm side, they are covered with connective tissue. There are eight small<\/p>\n

carpel bones that sit between the distal ends of the radius and ulna. They have five metacarpals<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

The size of these metacarpal\u2019s vary and have different shapes. The phalanges are digital long<\/p>\n

bones found in the hands and feet. There are generally three noted, distal, middle, and proximal<\/p>\n

for each digit. The only exception the thumbs and large toes.<\/p>\n

The fibula is a leg bone located on the lateral side of the tibia, with which it is connected<\/p>\n

above and below. It is the smaller of the two lower leg bones and the slenderest of all the long<\/p>\n

bones. The tibia is the larger and stronger of the two lower leg bones and it connects the knee<\/p>\n

with the ankle bones. The tibia is found on the medial side of the leg next to the fibula. It is the<\/p>\n

second largest bone in the human body next to the femur. The patella<\/strong> is a circular-triangular<\/p>\n

bone<\/strong>which articulates with the femur and covers the anterior articular surface of the knee joint.<\/p>\n

The femur articulates with the acetabulum<\/strong>in the pelvic bone forming the hip joint, while the<\/p>\n

distal part of the femur articulates with the tibia and patella forming the knee joint. The femur is<\/p>\n

the strongest bone in the body.<\/p>\n

1. Briefly identify and discuss the microscopic structures of compact bone<\/u><\/a><\/p>\n

Skeleton and Bones \u00a0 PG 5.<\/p>\n

Compact bone contains rigid organs that form parts of the endoskeleton. Compact bone<\/p>\n

assist the body to move, supports it, and protects organs. Compact bone produces red and white<\/p>\n

blood cells and store minerals. The cortical bone is one of the two types of osseous tissue that<\/p>\n

form bones. Cortical bone is often most prominent in the human femur<\/a> and tibia<\/a>. The outer layer<\/p>\n

is dense and forms the shaft of the long bones. Compact bone is made up of concentric layers of<\/p>\n

mineral deposits surrounding a central opening. The cylindrical shaped osteon is the main<\/p>\n

structure that makes the outer layer of bones hard. They typically run parallel.\u00a0 The cortical bone<\/p>\n

is considered approximately 80% of mature bone.\u00a0 Each unit is generally made up of the<\/p>\n

Haversian canal, Volkmann\u2019s canals, osteocytes, and canaluli\u2019s. (Bones structure and mechanics,<\/p>\n

Pg. 212) Compact bone contains a central canal<\/a>, called the Haversian canal, along with<\/p>\n

concentric layers of bone called interstitial lamellae.<\/p>\n

The Haversian canal is actually surrounded with rings of lamellae. Lamellae are made<\/p>\n

up of bone matrix, collagen<\/a> fibers, and mineral crystals. Interstitial lamellae are contained in the<\/p>\n

spaces between osteons. C<\/strong>ancellous or spongy bone<\/strong> has less strength than compact bone and<\/p>\n

within the Haversian canal is composed of a layer of endosteum<\/a>. This connective tissue is rich in<\/p>\n

nerve fibers and blood vessels. Blood cells within the canal carry nutrients and waste to and<\/p>\n

away from the outer layer of the bone. These systems of canals and lamellae are also called<\/p>\n

osteons. Spongy bone <\/strong>is hollow and appears like a sponge. They contain thin spicules are known<\/p>\n

as trabeculae<\/strong>. In between these cavities you will find red or yellow bone<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/strong>Volkmann\u2019s canals are<\/p>\n

small channels in the bone that transmit blood vessels from the periosteum into the bone and<\/p>\n

these canals provide energy and nourish osteons. Trabecular bone is another name for spongy<\/p>\n

Skeleton and Bones \u00a0 PG 6.<\/p>\n

bone and can be found at the ends of long bones. (Haversian system, Pg. 12)<\/p>\n

Long bones <\/strong>is most of the appendicular skeleton. The ends of the long bones are epiphysis,<\/p>\n

its shaft is called the diaphysis. The surroundings or periphery of the epiphysis and diaphysis are<\/p>\n

made up of compact bone. In between long bones are epiphyseal plates and this is the region<\/p>\n

where bone growth occurs. The long bone is covered of the fibrous sheath called periosteum.<\/p>\n

The periosteum protects the bone and allows it to attach to other bones.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The skull is the top of the skeleton and consists of the cranium and mandible. The cranial part of the skull is composed of separate bones united at […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"pagelayer_contact_templates":[],"_pagelayer_content":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[2805],"tags":[2828,2829,2826,2807],"class_list":["post-8014","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-us","tag-create-powerpoint-include-harvard-referencing","tag-i-need-my-essay-completed-in-300-400-words","tag-assignment-write-a-page-essay-in-apa","tag-help-with-nursing-discussion-board"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.homeworkacetutors.com\/acemyhomework\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8014","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.homeworkacetutors.com\/acemyhomework\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.homeworkacetutors.com\/acemyhomework\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.homeworkacetutors.com\/acemyhomework\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.homeworkacetutors.com\/acemyhomework\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8014"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.homeworkacetutors.com\/acemyhomework\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8014\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.homeworkacetutors.com\/acemyhomework\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8014"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.homeworkacetutors.com\/acemyhomework\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8014"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.homeworkacetutors.com\/acemyhomework\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8014"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}