{"id":7846,"date":"2020-12-29T12:15:30","date_gmt":"2020-12-29T12:15:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.homeworkacetutors.com\/acemyhomework\/effect-of-physical-activity-on-obese-adolescents\/"},"modified":"2020-12-29T12:15:30","modified_gmt":"2020-12-29T12:15:30","slug":"effect-of-physical-activity-on-obese-adolescents","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.homeworkacetutors.com\/acemyhomework\/effect-of-physical-activity-on-obese-adolescents\/","title":{"rendered":"Effect of Physical Activity on Obese Adolescents"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Obesity in adolescents and children has risen to significant levels\u00a0globally with serious public health consequences (WHO, 2000). The prevalence\u00a0of child and adolescent obesity has increased dramatically in recent years in the\u00a0Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). In a recent study, estimates of combined\u00a0overweight and obesity prevalence among Saudi adolescents aged 13-18 years\u00a0were 36.6% for males and 38.4% for females (El Mouzan et al., 2012). Gender\u00a0differences are evident in the prevalence of overweight\/obesity in Saudi Arabia\u00a0(Mahfouz et al., 2011). The rates of obesity are increasing more in women\u00a0(Bakhotmah, 2012) than in men (Al-Nozha et al., 2007; Al-Othaimeen et al.,\u00a02007; Al-Hazzaa, 2004). It is assumed that the development of child and\u00a0adolescent obesity is associated with the modern environment and personal\u00a0lifestyle choices (Stewart et al., 2012; Dehghan et al., 2005). While prevention of\u00a0obesity is paramount, most preventive interventions have had only a modest\u00a0effect, and there is a need to offer weight management interventions for\u00a0adolescents who are already obese (Luttikhuis et al., 2009; Collins et al., 2006).<\/p>\n

On the other hand, PA is the most important aspect of any obesity treatment\u00a0programme, because PA results in energy expenditure, which plays a\u00a0fundamental role in the regulation of body weight and the prevention of obesity (Bonomi & Westerterp, 2012; Duncan, 2007).<\/p>\n

The Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries including the KSA have\u00a0witnessed significant lifestyle changes due to dominance of the automobile for\u00a0personal travel, availability of high fat and dense-caloric foods, satellite TV,\u00a0increased reliance on the computer and telecommunication technology, as well as\u00a0decreased occupational-work demands. These lifestyle changes have had a\u00a0considerable effect on reducing the physical requirements of daily life and\u00a0encouraging sedentary lifestyles amongst both young people and adults, and they\u00a0have become responsible for the emerging obesity in children and adolescents as a\u00a0major public health issue in these countries (Rasoul et al., 2012; Al Hazzaa et al.,\u00a02011; El-Hazmi et al., 2002; Epstein et al., 2000). There is a relationship between\u00a0the two epidemic problems: obesity and physical inactivity. Significant\u00a0associations between BMI, PA and sedentary behaviours were widely reported.<\/p>\n

Youths with higher BMI reported lower levels of PA and longer periods of\u00a0sedentary time (Al-Nakeeb et al., 2012; Gourlan et al., 2011).<\/p>\n

Locally, the high prevalence of sedentary behaviours, physical inactivity\u00a0and unhealthy dietary habits among Saudi adolescents is a major public health\u00a0concern Data using objective physical activity measurements indicated that 60% of\u00a0Saudi children and 71% of youths fail to engage in health-enhancing PA of\u00a0sufficient duration and frequency (Al Hazzaa et al, 2011). Moreover, the\u00a0proportion of Saudi children and adults who are at risk of coronary heart disease\u00a0due to inactivity is much higher than for any of the other coronary heart disease\u00a0risk factors (Al Hazzaa, 2002). Guidelines state that all adolescents aged between\u00a011 and 21 should be active every day for at least 30 to 60 minutes as part of play,\u00a0games, sport, work, transportation, recreation, physical education, or planned\u00a0exercise in the context of family, school, or community activities (WHO, 2010;\u00a0Hallal et al., 2012; de Moraes et al., 2013). Adolescents who did not meet the PA\u00a0guidelines for youths of 60 minutes\/day moderate-to-vigorous physical activity\u00a0(MVPA) increased their risk of obesity (Gomez et al., 2010; Deforche et al., 2010).<\/p>\n

Clinic-based weight loss interventions can lead to successful improvements\u00a0in BMI and other metabolic parameters in paediatric populations and may be more\u00a0likely among adolescent females than in younger children or males (Walker et al.,\u00a02012; Dyson, 2010). Several lifestyle factors associated with obesity may represent\u00a0valid targets for the prevention and management of obesity among Saudi\u00a0adolescents (Al Hazzaa et al., 2012). In other words, lifestyle interventions can\u00a0lead to improvements in weight and cardio-metabolic outcomes (Huang et al.,\u00a02007). Paediatric weight management clinics offer a multidisciplinary holistic\u00a0approach to the obesity epidemic. These clinics typically involve weekly to\u00a0monthly visits with a focus on lifestyle changes that include behaviour\u00a0modification, improved nutritional intake and increased PA (Halvorson et al.,\u00a02012; Hughes et al., 2006).<\/p>\n

1.1 Purpose of the Study<\/strong><\/p>\n

i) To compare PA performance between obese adolescents and weight managed\u00a0obese adolescents enrolled in an obesity treatment programme.<\/p>\n

ii) To examine whether gender affects adolescents\u2019 response to an obesity\u00a0treatment programme.<\/p>\n

iii) To measure the effectiveness of obesity treatment programme by\u00a0measuring PA differences between groups and BMI changes in the weightmanaged\u00a0group.<\/p>\n

iv) To determine the sedentary behaviours and lifestyle characteristics\u00a0of obese adolescents referred for a clinical obesity treatment programme.<\/strong><\/p>\n

1.2 Research questions<\/strong><\/p>\n